Factors That Have Shaped Bahamian Culture Essay

Variables That Have Shaped Bahamian Culture - Essay Example The article Factors That Have Shaped Bahamian Culture examines various components that have formed the Bahamian culture and character since countless Haitian relocation to the Bahamas toward the finish of the eighteenth century have been instrumental in consistent strain between the Bahamians and Haitians. Be that as it may, the Haitian maintenance of African based convictions and customs, its music, old stories, and betting propensities, has had some impact on the Bahamas. Since 1967, there have been advancements in music, move, celebrations, writing, painting makes, and structural conservation, which have characterized a Bahamian personality. The Department of Archives assumes a predominant job in safeguarding the rich island design legacy and deals with the ancient pieces, landmarks, and galleries. In any case, the absence of acknowledgment by other Caribbean nations has been an incredible hindrance for the country to build up its own personality and numerous untouchables saw the Bahamas as a branch of the United States and a visitor Mecca with sun, sand, ocean, and sex, and a general public without genuine journalists. Breaking down the Bahamian culture one can comprehend that it is the Bahamian African culture that has formed the Bahamian character and that components, for example, the travel industry, the changed political situation, and the oral custom and papers have been instrumental in building up the Bahamian culture and personality. Yinna brings up three components that added to the arrangement of a ‘collective self-image’ among the Bahamians after 1973.

Coronary heart disease Essays

Coronary illness Essays Coronary illness Paper Coronary illness Paper J. (2007). Social factors in preventive consideration: African-Americans. Â USA: Oxford. 9. Â Hansen Fred. (2007). SelfCare Essentials of 21st Century medicinal services change. London: Adam Smith Institute. 10. Carbajal, Enrique V. (1998). Â Noncardiac Surgery in CAD Patients. Veterans Affairs Medical Center Fresno, Calif. Recovered September 15, 2008, from http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/circulationaha;98/8/823

The Art of Scheduling

The Art of Scheduling For the past year and a half I lived in Cambridge, worked full-time, and did all sorts of adult things.01 including but not limited to: having hour long phone calls with insurance companies, collecting money from 9 other roommates and mailing out the rent checks, making the switch from crazy college party to mild adult dinner party Ill write about that experience more in depth in another blog, but the biggest change from being a full-time student to being a full-time employee is time. As a student, depending on what youre involved in, you can have a lot of free time, free in the sense that you dont have that many true obligations and Places You Need To Be At. Even when I was juggling classes, DormCon, and other dorm obligations, I had a fair amount of free time. Of course, many of those free hours could (and probably should) have been spent doing homework and studying, but in reality, I could have done anything during that time. Spontaneous Tuesday Afternoon Ramen in Harvard Square? Sure! Lying in the grass on Killian Court for an hour after a 1pm class? Great! Time was so much more nebulous, and I existed in a constant state of how should I be spending my time?. Working, on the other hand, is much more rigid, depending on where you are. For the most part, I had to be at work from 10AM-6PM, Monday through Frida y. Spontaneity was essentially thrown out of the window. By the end of the work day, Id feel pretty burnt out and want to do nothing but mindlessly tune out. In years past, when I wasnt working, Id spend my summers lounging around the house, playing video games, watching television, and being completely bored out of my mind. By July, even the television I hungrily waited all year to watch would bore me, and Id be counting down the days until September.02 funnily enough, when I applied to become a blogger, and the prompt asked me about my typical Tuesday, I wrote about this nonsensical routine of nothingness As May hit, the summer was approaching, and the days remaining at my job counted down, I could see myself straddled firmly within the Line of Unproductivity. An XY Graph is shown, where the Y-axis is labeled as Discipline and the X-axis is labelled as Time. In Quadrant 2 lies a point Work, at the Origin lies a point School and in Quadrant 4 lies a point Nothing. A dotted line connects all three points with a slope of approximately -1. The line is labelled Unproductivity. When I was working, I had the discipline to follow a rigid work schedule, but little time or motivation to do anything else. In school, I had an average amount of time, and enough discipline to get my work done, but not enough to spare. Without school or work, I had endless time and no discipline whatsoever. I desperately needed to break free. So, when I had a free summer for the first time since high school, I knew things had to be different this time around. I knew as soon as I returned to MIT, itd be too easy to become swamped with classwork and forgo my other interests. I set out to learn the art of scheduling, and the importance of having things to do even when you dont technically have things to do. Id written down a few loose goals for the summer read more books, write more, exercise more, and other things like that. I drafted up a weekly schedule and tested it, adjusting it as I went, adding or removing things I felt would make it better. The first draft of that is here: A weekly schedule is shown, showing Monday through Friday, 10 AM to 6:30 PM, in half hour blocks. On every day, Get Out of Bed is scheduled in for 10 AM, Breakfast at 10:30 AM, and Lunch from 1 to 2 PM. On Monday, Read from 11 AM to 12 PM, Write from 12 to 1PM, Therapy from 4 to 5 PM, and Clean Kitchen at 5:30 PM. On Tuesday, Read from 11 AM to 12 PM, Write from 12 to 1 PM, Walk at 2 PM, Write from 2:30 to 3:30 PM, Walk Again, Pick Up Farm Share at 4 PM, and Laundry (clothes) at 5 PM. On Wednesday, Read from 11 AM to 1 PM, Walk from 2 to 3 PM, Write from 3 to 4:30 PM, Walk from 4:30 to 5:30 PM, and Tidy Up Room at 5:30 PM. On Thursday, Therapy from 11 AM to 12 PM, Read from 12 PM to 1 PM, Walk at 2 PM, Write from 2:30 to 3:30 PM, Walk at 3:30, and Laundry (sheets) at 5 PM. On Friday, Write from 11 AM to 1 PM, and run errands from 2 PM to 4 PM. walking, of course, to various libraries in the area As a creature of habit, I knew that simply doing things repetitively would set the groundwork for continuing to do it. A tip experienced artists always give is to just Do It, Do It even when you dont want to, Do It even if you arent motivated, because simply Doing It will achieve two things; one, youll make more progress than if you didnt, and two, Doing It will get easier and easier when you keep at it. The same applies to things like working out, eating healthier, doing chores, and other things that are really good for you but kind of hard to start doing. At the beginning of the summer, I had hoped to follow this schedule to the T every day and hour, but that wasnt realistic. Some days, I was traveling, or at the beach, or going on a spontaneous date, or even just recovering from an injury on my foot. I also had to adjust my goals to fit in with real world realities. Even though I didnt follow it rigidly, its still achieved the goal for me, and taught me the value of something I didnt even recognize: flexibility. I was kind to myself when I missed things, regardless of the reason. Here are a few of the things Ive accomplished. Ive rediscovered my love for reading! In the past three months, Ive finished reading more full novels than I had in the past four years.03 this isnt to say that its impressive, more that i hadnt seriously read since graduating high school I kicked off the summer with by picking up David Foster Wallaces Infinite Jest again, after trying (and failing) to read it two summers ago. After that, I read Cixin Lius Three Body Problem, A Game of Thrones, a speculative-fiction-meets-astronomy-textbook read called What If the Earth Had Two Moons?, and part of a book explaining calendars throughout human history. Im currently reading Phillip Pullmans The Golden Compass and the second book in the A Song of Fire and Ice series, A Clash of Kings. Ive been writing sort of. I attempted to start writing a novel at the beginning of the summer, before realizing there were too many kinks in plot lines and characters and the like. So, instead, Ive been reading for inspiration, researching history and astronomy and evolution, and cataloging it all into notebooks and Google Docs. Its been fun. A few things Ive learned during the process: human retinas are made up of cones and rods, cones allow you to see colors in bright light, and rods allow you to see better in the dark, which is why colors appear nearly indistinguishable at night. Ancient birds were one of the only creatures to survive the mass extinction that wiped out dinosaurs. Its very easy to start on a Wikipedia page about The Solar System, and end up on one about Memes, if youre really in it. Im more organized than Ive ever been. The best04 worst part of being a normal, functioning adult is all of the housekeeping you get to do to keep your life functioning. Things like, making sure to get some exercise in before its 9pm and you realize you havent moved from the roughly 1,000 square feet that is your home, deep-cleaning your kitchen so you dont have recurring ant infestations, washing your sheets once a week because you really should be doing that, and getting groceries often enough that you arent left with no food in your home, hungry at midnight. It becomes so much easier to deal with the less fun parts of life when they have places and times. I clean my houses kitchen every Monday at 5pm. I do laundry every 5pm on Tuesdays (clothes) and Thursdays (sheets). My roommates and I get groceries every Sunday. I had fun. I went to a Carly Rae Jepsen concert, where my friends and I donned glitter and colors all over, sung our hearts out, and had one of the best nights Ive ever had. My entire house (all 7 of us!) went to upstate New York for a weekend for what became an impromptu house retreat. My roommate and I bought last minute bus tickets05 like, 1AM the night before last minute to New York and went to NYCs Pride Parade. I bought Fire Emblem: Three Houses, and have spent an embarrassing amount of time playing it (and you should all too). I finally bit the bullet and tried the famous hole-in-the-wall Udon place, Yume Ga Arukara, after waiting on line for about an hour. It was worth it. Scheduling helped form the foundation of new, healthier habits. Waking up at the same time every day, along with eating around the same time every day has done something magical to my mental wellbeing. Or maybe that was just all the sunshine. I actively want to read again, and do so almost every day, even when Im not following my schedule. I keep my space tidy, since doing a little bit every week is a lot easier than doing it all at once every few months. In the routine, it becomes hard to forget about what needs to be done. Most importantly, I let myself breathe in between my responsibilities, because its a lot easier to stay afloat when theres air in your lungs. including but not limited to: having hour long phone calls with insurance companies, collecting money from 9 other roommates and mailing out the rent checks, making the switch from crazy college party to mild adult dinner party back to text ? funnily enough, when I applied to become a blogger, and the prompt asked me about my typical Tuesday, I wrote about this nonsensical routine of nothingness back to text ? this isn't to say that it's impressive, more that i hadn't seriously read since graduating high school back to text ? worst back to text ? like, 1AM the night before last minute back to text ?

Cybercrime Is Any Act Of Crime - 1740 Words

With the rapid growth of society, technology has been a huge asset to many. Since the online world has been a place where we can share our intimate moments, pay bills, watch movies or even shop without leaving the comfort of our homes, it has also become a place where predators lurk and commit unwanted acts without leaving their homes either. Cybercrime is any act of crime committed online and is one were thousands of people fall victim too every day. In the 2012 issue of police reported cybercrime in Canada it was said that â€Å"Asset violations accounts for 61% of police cybercrimes in just 2012 alone, which represent a total of 5,544 incidents† (Mazowita, Police-reported cybercrime in Canada, 2012). That’s showing that cyber-attacks†¦show more content†¦It’s also an important topic because it allows society to understand the troubles police encounter when dealing with cybercrime. For this paper I will be discussing how cybercrime effects society and what the challenges of policing cybercrime are. I will do so by, going in depth on the threat cybercrime has on society and pin point the different classes of it. This will include the risk factors on the victims as well as frequency and brutality that cybercrime has after one has fallen victim to a cyber-attack. I will also shed light on challenges the police encounter when dealing with cyber threats on society. The challenges that I will pointing out that police face when dealing with cyber threats are 1. when does the police have to consider the cyber threat a real crime. 2. Under-reporting, and 3. The law does not deal with trifles. After that I will further my research paper by elaborating on the literature review which would exemplify the empirical accomplishments and points of improvement; then proceed to use all my research to form a conclusion on whether a better tactic can be used to help the police decr ease cybercrime. The type of literature that I will be using to further back up my points is going to be Stats Canada, journals, peer reviews and other course text books. The theories that I will be using to support my

Teen Pregnancy Education Is A Virtue - 851 Words

Teen Pregnancy: Education Is A Virtue Dating back many centuries, teen pregnancy was the cultural norm where women as young as twelve are married off to men to conceive their children. Back then, it was acceptable for young women to bare a child once first menarche and have as many children as her body could bare. In today’s society, teen pregnancy is looked down upon, yet sexual appealing imagery is solicited throughout social media, television networks, magazines, and music. So how is it that teen moms are subject to ridicule and mockery when they are ill educated, media influenced, and peer pressured into situations they never understood. This paper will discuss proper sex education services, teen pregnancy support programs, the impact of television reality, contraception management, and socio-economic difficulties. The Initial Assessment and Nursing Diagnoses As adolescents enter their primitive years, many physiological changes take affect. The search for sexual identity begins as well as physical transformation from the pubescent to the adult body. Psychological changes take hold as well as adolescents balance the need for guidance with an increased thirst for freedom and parental independence. Scholars have linked these changes to several troubling issues in adolescent sexual behaviors including high rates of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (Goesling et. al., 2014). As such, early sexual education is vital in minimizing adolescent riskShow MoreRelatedAbstinence Public Speech961 Words   |  4 PagesA virtue that has dissipated in our society is abstinence. Our culture embraces loose morals and the results have been devastating. More and more teenagers are developing venereal diseases, such as AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea, and are having unwanted children before they are married. Contrary to popular belief, condom s arent a 100% guarantee of preventing pregnancy and disease, and therefore the rectitude of abstinence should be practiced. According to Child Trends Data Bank (2001) theRead MoreThe Issue Of Sex Education1613 Words   |  7 PagesWhen hearing the term â€Å"sex education,† most will immediately think of â€Å"the talk† that parents have with children. â€Å"The talk,† a phrase widely used through everyday life, movies, television, etc. is intended by parents to inform their children of the consequences of unsafe sex and to explain how babies are made. Despite being a necessary conversation at home, this â€Å"talk† is generally vague and uninformative in comparison to classes on the subject. However, this topic causes chaos when dealing withRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Allowed? High Schools?878 Words   |  4 PagesShould sex education be allowed in high schools? This has been a controversial issue nationwide for over a decade. The American culture is immensely sexually oriented. Sex can be seen through the media and with the younger generation being heavily influe nced by technology; they cannot avoid it. In light of this, many of the youth today lack information on sex which highlights the problem. Some people believe that sex education only diminishes one’s rectitude because they feel that sex education encouragesRead MoreElderly Abuse, Teenage Pregnancy, and Proposed Solutions to These Two Family Problems977 Words   |  4 Pagesaffect anybody from the newborn baby to the 90 year old great-grandmother. Some problems can cause physical pain and leave the victim bloody and bruised, for instance abuse, while others cause mental anguish and financial hardship, such as teenage pregnancies. Many of these problems remain hidden, even with all the help that is usually available, because of embarrassment or fear of hurting a loved one. Although there are many proposed solutions, none have been effective enough to wipe the problems outRead MoreThe Epidemiology Triangle and Its Fundamentals in Examining Teenage Pregnancy2112 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction This work will use epidemiology triangle and its fundamentals in examining teenage pregnancy. This issue remains the only preventable problem in most countries because it is not a disease and none transmittable. However, it is a major problem affecting the younger generation. There is a major controversy in defining epidemiology, and most people misinterpret the definition. Research carried out indicates that most people have a negative perception on epidemiology. Some people considerRead MoreAbstinence Only Sexual Education Vs. Inclusive Sex Education Essay2399 Words   |  10 PagesAbstinence-Only Sexual Education vs. Inclusive Sexual Education In 1981, the Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) was signed into law by President Reagan. Through the act, the federal government first invested in sexual education programs, all of which encouraged â€Å"chastity and self-discipline.† After this came the Title V abstinence-only-until-marriage program, which was created in 1996 as part of the welfare reform legislation. Finally, the Community-Based Abstinence Education (CBAE), was created inRead MoreImportance of Moral Education1053 Words   |  5 PagesMoral education is becoming an increasingly popular topic in the fields of psychology and education. Media reports of increased violent juvenile crime, teen pregnancy, and suicide have caused many to declare a moral crisis in our nation. No one can deny the importance of moral education. It is the only way out to keep control that they find themselves unable to differentiate between right and wrong. Moral education will enable them to go on the right path forgetting all those wh ich are not at allRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1799 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica Teenage pregnancy has become a norm in America. Sex education is gradually losing significance among the youth. Despite the wide range of contraceptives, many young women are continually getting pregnant. Additionally, the number of young boys and girls ruining their lives at an early stage as a result of quick moments of pleasure is alarming. Moreover, the advancement in technology is an increasingly contributing factor to the high rates of teenage pregnancy (Garfield 34). NumerousRead MoreNo Sex Education in Elementary Schools! Essay1952 Words   |  8 Pagesadopted mandates to teach comprehensive sex education, and thirty more have supported it (internet). West Virginia schools have implemented sex education in most high schools, but it may seep even further down, possibly to your communitys elementary schools. While people are divided and confused in their concerns of this class being taught in grade schools, I disagree with the course being studied from kinderga rten through third grades. Sex education should only be taught when a child inquiresRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Lower Ses Adolescents3260 Words   |  14 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of teen pregnancy on the of lower ses adolescents. The scope of the problem, the social context of teenage pregnancy, and the consequences will be examined. teenage mother face difficulties and problems during and after pregnancy twice as much as more than older women and their pregnant â€Å"counterparts† who delayed childbearing until after age 20 .Low ses greater risk of becoming teenager pregnant and influence the development of both the course

Death of a Salesman Essay AP English III Free Essays

Death of a Salesman Essay Wily Loan is a symbolic icon of the failing America. He is representing a typical chaser of the American dream in the sass’s. He experiences a tragedy in his life where he was trying to find his place in his own life with his sons leaving, growing old, and an escalating sense of stubbornness. We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman Essay AP English III or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wily was Just one of many Americans that experienced a great tragedy during this time which was a reason that led up to the great depression in 1929. This makes a symbolic icon of the failing America during this time. Wily Loan had a life most people admired while his sons were still in high school. He had a Job and was very happy at that time. His son Biff was the high school quarterback and was very good at his position. This made Wily extremely proud and hoped he would see his son go off to play football at the college level. He was very content with his life at this point and this symbolizes the booming American economy before the Great Depression. Wily soon got too caught up in the idea of the American Dream, to be hard working and honest among other things. He soon began to get greedy in the idea of the American Dream along with other things that went wrong. His pride soon escalated and prevailed in the worst way. Biff reveals to Wily that he has failed his senior math class and will not have enough credits to graduate high school. This incident highlights and really reveals Willis stubbornness for he Just thinks Biff could just go to summer school and get the credits he needed to graduate. It was not that simple as Wily soon learned. Biff then tells his father he is going to go to an interview or an important high paying Job and Wily is very excited for him to get the Job. Biff ends up not going to the interview because he felt he was not able to get the Job. As he tries to tell his father what happened, Willis stubbornness again shows as he would not even let Biff explain what had happened. Wily keeps talking and interrupting his son saying things as if he got the Job. This causes very high tension between the two and leads to a huge argument at the end of the play that indirectly leads to Wily killing himself. Another incident that escalates to the tragedy that occurs in the play is when Biff catches Wily cheating on his wife. Biff is heartbroken, in shock, and angry all at once and leaves the scene leaving Wily questioning what has become of him and started to realize his life was not what it used to be, but his stubbornness still prevailed. At the end of the play the whole family meets together at their house. A significant argument breaks out mostly between Biff and Wily about how stubborn and blind he really is. Wily ends up telling Biff to get out of his house and Biff says he never wants to come back. The argument was the deciding factor hat led up to Wily getting in his car and killing himself. In the end, Willis stubbornness and pride led to things such as the arguments between him and Biff, him getting fired and refusing to take another Job out of pride, and lack of realization that he was slowly setting the stage for his own demise. Wily was Just another lower middle class American stuck in the idea of the American Dream. Along with many other Americans during the time, he symbolized the failing America of the Great Depression of the sass’s and even the digressing American economy of today. How to cite Death of a Salesman Essay AP English III, Essays

Biko free essay sample

A review of the biographical novel, Biko by Donald Woods. The paper reviews the book as a biography of both Steve Biko and Donald Woods. It illustrates how Donald Woods was able to combine his own story with that of Steve Biko in the novel. It begins with a background on Steve Biko and Donald Woods, goes on to state the main struggle of the book and gives a synopsis of the plot. The focus of this paper is on the way the events affected Woods. Biko tells the story of Donald Woods and his relationship with black consciousness leader Steve Biko. The author Donald Woods is a journalist and was a close friend of Steve Bikos. Biko is a biography of Donald Woods as well as a biography of Steve Biko as Woods sees him. Firstly, I will briefly detail who Steve Biko is so the events of the book can be seen in perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on Biko or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Steve Biko was a black South African who led the black consciousness movement in South Africa. He struggled for liberation from the apartheid regime. He was a political activist and believed that black liberation started with black psychological self-reliance. This idea was the basis for the black consciousness movement that Biko led. Biko believed that by doing this you could get to the base of the problem and change the way society operated. Biko was killed by South African security forces while in detention, aged thirty.

History of Naxalism free essay sample

History of Naxalism It is said that Naxalism is one of the organization of aggressive communists. In other words it is also called CPI (MAOIST ) . After Indian independence in 1947 the communist extremist started armed violence activities first time in 1948 but because of lack of public support the movement couldnt get velocity. This Naxalites communists always keep deep belief on violence. From the beginning they had started committing violence by using Arms. Naxalites adopted the way of armed violence revolutionary activities from the Village Naxalbari in the district Darjeeling n West Bengal in the year 1967 against exploitation done by Zamidar and Rich men upon particular people of the society. Under the leadership of revolutionary leader Charu MaJumdar the naxalites increased the violence drastically. At that time the aim of the naxalites was to achieve power of the state by violent revolution. They used to force the local people for abatement of land revenue tax etc. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Naxalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Actually in the year 1967 their revolutionary activities and violent activities started from the village Naxalbari, hence it is called Naxalism and the supporters are called naxalites. At the same time the aggressive communist violence activities again started in the Sri Kakvlam area of Andhra Pradesh. However in Tribal areas the naxalism remain alive. In meantime the leadership was taken over by Shri Chandrapulla Reddy, who left the violent way of movement and decided to do violence when very essential, but he too could not succeed. In 1975 after emergency the naxalites formed another group under leadership of Shri Kondapalli Sitaramaiya called C. P. I. M. L. Peoples War Group. By this group no work was done in Democratic way and shown no-faith in overnment system. The group also took unemployment, economically backward areas as medium for their publicity. For this work, the organization divided in the areas and according to the area Dalam emerged. Peoples War Group chief Kodapalli Sitarmaiya has added the slogan of independent Dandkaranya in all his slogans. The P. W. G. organization declared to include Garhacharoli of Maharastra, Mahbub Nagar, Karim Nagar, Adilabad, Warangal of Andhra Pradesh,Korapur , Khampit Kalahandi of Orissa , Balaghat Jabalpur of Madhya Pradesh in independent Dandkaranya. The ain residents of these areas are tribals, small farmers labourers. With their aim to form independent Dandakaranya they extended their activities to Balaghat, Bastar Jagdalpur. History of Naxalite activities in the district Balaghat Naxalites entered Balaghat from RaJnandgaon border in M. P. and from Bhandara border in Maharastra. In Balaghat and Rajnandgaon district there are mainly tribal villages and villagers are of Gond Baiga tribe. The villages covered by naxalites are located in dense forest area where the communication and transportation facilities are very oor. The District has a thick forest area and a tough terrain. The Gond and Baiga people of these villages used to go for bamboo cutting and other work to Chanda district of Maharastra and Bastar district of M. P. in the process they came in touch with naxalites who were active there. First time on 5/111990 the naxalites activities came into picture from the border villages of Balaghat. It is said that naxalites entered into Balaghat from the village Adari Thana Salekasa of Maharastra state. alias Bawanna. Total 9 male extremist were there in this Dalam. The Gang was quipped with rifles and other arms. After receiving information the Police started pre-planned operation against them.

Subsidies to US Auto Industry

Subsidies to US Auto Industry Over the last decade, the world has been facing economic crises. One major crisis was witnessed in 2008. In necessitated legislation of an act that would enable the government to help struggling industries survives the occasional economic depressions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subsidies to US Auto Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same year, the congress passed into law a bill popularly known as the troubled asset relief programmed (Brunetti 11). This bill did not address a situation in any particular industry. However, it was made with the consideration of the difficulties that some important industries in the US economy were facing at the time. Thus, the government did not immediately move on to assist any industry that was facing problems at the time (Brunetti 13). Automobile manufacturers in the United States of America have always been a critical part of the economy. Collapse of companies in the automobile manufacturing industry could have dire consequences for the US economy. The sector also employed more than a million people. Furthermore, the number of people employed in the automobile manufacturing sector remained significant despite the decline over the last few years Late in 2008, two automotive manufactures, Chrysler Corporation and General Motors appealed to the congress to approve assistance from the government to help them avoid certain liquidation in the face of financial insolvency (Brunetti 20). While presenting the case, the companies did not argue that they were doing well in the market, but they rather tried to illustrate their efforts towards avoiding financial crises.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their argument was that the economy would face severe ramifications if one of the major automobile manufacturers were to undergo liquida tion. No details of the projected plan were given, but the manufacturers cited substantial financial gains in general. After debate within the congress, senate, and state administration, the government decided to assist the automobile industry to avoid the impending liquidation for several companies (United States Congress, United States Congress 25). The World Trade Organization has anti subsidy rules that were formulated to ensure that there is a competitive international trade. In addition, the rules were established with the view of increasing free trade in the international arena. WTO ensured that its regulations did not cripple individual governments that wished to take corrective measures to salvage an economy that is on the verge of collapse. Thus, anti-subsidy laws are mild, and are meant to deter governments from subsidizing export and import commodities to the extent where the effect of the subsidies affects other countries and companies in the same trade. Otherwise, smal l subsidies for justifiable reasons are allowed. In addition, to regulate subsidization of products by the government, the WTO has formulated barriers in form of increased tariffs for subsidized products. These barriers are meant to be regulatory measures rather than settle scores among disputing countries. The problem is that the companies could not redeem themselves after the government gave the grants. They eventually had to be liquidated, and more money was used to establish new entities, with a significant amount of capital being contributed by the United States government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subsidies to US Auto Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is obvious that the government had acted to save millions of jobs that were at stake. However, through this action, the government was actually subsidizing the American automobile industry beyond what some financial analysts consider acceptable limits. The situation at Chrysler and General Motors had been partially due to stiff competition. A bailout as substantial as that implemented by the US government seemed like interference with free trade. Most importantly, this action appeared to be a violation of the World Trade Organization’s guidelines on international trade. Other countries could consider bailing out their automobile manufacturing industries to even the scores. Alternating counteractive actions would then lead to hostile tax policies between trading partners, disrupting international trade. Thus, the United States domestic trade policies may be indirect sabotage of international trade (Webel 12). One of the conditions within the subsidies and countervailing measures as outlined by the WTO is that direct transfer of funds must be evident for the bailout to be considered a valid subsidy. In addition, the said subsidy must the directed towards a specific sector of the economy or industry. In that case, the US government’s action qualifies to be classified a subsidy. Furthermore, the US government issued funds directly to a few organizations. WTO requires signatories to its guidelines to avoid directly subsidizing those industries that manufacture goods purposely for export or import trade (Webel 18). That way, the international trade is protected from machinations of any single country. Other regulations within section II of the trade agreements ratified in Uruguay urge countries to desist from subsidizing major industries such that there is a significant effect on trade partners.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More WTO rules also specify that for a bailout to be considered a subsidy, the law of the particular country must isolate the entities being subsidized as the only industries eligible for the particular subsidy. Moreover, WTO considers any benefit of an industry acquired through foregoing of debts owed to the government amounts to a valid subsidy. Since the program was directed by congress in the United States, it qualifies as a valid subsidy to companies that deal in merchandise meant for export. The actions of the United States government contravene almost all guidelines of WTO Uruguay convention regulations (Webel 21). Any member of WTO or automobile manufacturer, which wishes to file a complaint with WTO, may prove several facts to validate its claim. One of the conditions is that the complaining entity may prove that the defendant nation caused a significant setback to the complaining entity’s domestic operations or progress. Secondly, the complaining entity may prove that th e defendant nation hindered the benefit of the complainant by subsidizing a certain industry beyond the acceptable maximum level. Finally, the complaining entity may prove that the defendant nation had prejudice in its action to subsidize a competing rival of the complainant. Several setbacks would face any country or automobile manufacturer that would wish to challenge the United States Bailout program to the WTO as a violation of WTO agreements. For WTO to accept the complaints by any country or automotive manufacturer there must be enough proof to validate the claim (Webel 24). One of the requirements is that the complainant in the case must proof that the United States government subsidized goods meant for export directly. Furthermore, there should be proof that the United States government benefited the companies that were subject to assistance. It is difficult to determine whether there was any benefit for the American automotive manufacturers. The complex procedures and disso lution of the two companies is difficult to analyze, particularly because the old business entities were eventually dissolved and new ones formed. If countermeasures were to be applied by the WTO, the implications of the past subsidies would remain, and the said measures would act just as a deterrent to any future violation of international trade laws. This means that the complainant would not be compensated for any damage caused by the subsidies. For this reason, the complainant may not be motivated to file any complaint against a subsidization that has already occurred. The lack of any financial award by WTO arbitration is a major setback to the international law (Webel 26). As of now, the subsidization of the two American automakers by the government of the United States remains a perceived action rather than a proven fact. Although is it is difficult to proof guilt or take action against the united states of America for the perceived misconduct, there are implications arising fr om reaction of the international market, foreign automotive manufacturers, and other countries that are preparing themselves to take similar action, should multinational companies operating in the country require government assistance. When subsidies are given to an industry with a significant share of international market, a degenerative effect is likely to occur. Competitiveness of companies within the international market becomes impaired by such actions. Apart from the automotive manufacturing industry, other sectors are likely to suffer from changes in trade tariff. Many of the countries involved in substantial trade with the United States may raise tariff so imports from the United States in response to the unfair subsidization of the United States motor industry. However, action by aggrieved parties may also be hampered by the economic power of the corporations that were subsidized. General Motors Corporation and Chrysler are comparatively smaller than the largest automobile manufacturers in the world (Webel 29. However, they operate on a multinational scale and employ citizens of their host countries. Closure of the two companies may make the companies lay off their workers in some of the countries. Thus, any country with interest in either General Motors or Chrysler is not likely to file any complaint against the automobile makes since such an action goes against their interest. Following the support of Chrysler and General Motors by the American government, some of Europe’s automobile manufacturers have been taking similar action though on a smaller scale. It is the difficult for WTO to impose any barrier to such action since no action has been taken against the US government decision to bailout domestic automobile manufacturers. Germany gave one and half billion Euros to Opel, a General Motors corporation subsidiary. On the other hand, France tried to influence Renault by giving the company a loan of about eight billion Euros. Britain also ga ve a loan of three million dollars to domestic automobile manufacturers (Lincicome 9). All these moves by European countries were reactions to the subsidizing of general motors and Chrysler by American government. In turn, the companies that received the said favors, continued to take actions that would indirectly benefit the countries that offered loans and bailouts. Such actions may cause mistrust and therefore fragmentation of global automobile trade. The practice may also spread to other industries, and eventually cause a global depression. It can be argued that the actions of countries that have significant manufacturing industry are a response to the actions of the United States. On the other hand, such actions may be considered efforts by the governments to salvage one of their most important industries from collapse. However, all these subsidies given to the automobile manufacturing industry around the world are a violation of WTO rules in one way or another (Lincicome 14). On careful analysis of the procedures and circumstances, one may choose to consider the actions as a part of a commercial war among the countries that host competing manufacturing industries. Although grants were given to several automotive manufacturing industries around the world, it is important to consider the circumstances of the period within which relief was offered to the manufacturers. The year 2008 had an economic depression that threatened to bog down many industries apart from the automotive manufacturing sector. In the case of United States, it is reasonable to take into account for the size of the automobile industry and its role in the economy. The jobs that Chrysler Corporation and General Motors offered to the public were too many for the government to risk losing. Such a big loss of jobs would have serious political and financial implications for the country. Thus, logic dictates that any government in a similar position would have gone to such a length to rescue t he automotive manufacturing industry. It is also possible that if the United States had sought permission or exemption from WTO or other countries with significant automotive manufacturing sector, it would have taken too long for the bailout programs to be useful to the situation in the industry (Technological innovation and public policy: the automotive industry 45). Similarly, it would have taken too long for United States government to present an amendment proposal to the WTO for consideration to favor its remedy for the automotive industry. Thus, to many observers, the United States did what was in the best interest of the citizens. Furthermore, the United States has other subsidy program for automotive makers other than the plan to bail out Chrysler and General Motors (Chong 45). For example, the United States government has endeavored to provide financial assistance to companies that sell automotive parts to Chrysler and General motors’ in order to maintain smooth trade for the organizations. In turn, manufacturing process at General motors and Chrysler is smooth. Through this mechanism, losses are avoided. However, some of the organizations that benefit from this plan are foreign companies in which the United States government has little direct interest. One can then conclude that the United States bails out companies within the country, but also provides similar assistance to companies outside the country (Chong 53). In such a situation, there is no substantial reason to allege that the United States government had prejudice against some foreign manufacturers. However much the United States government was justified in implementing its contingency plan in the case of automobile manufacturers, there is need to follow trade rules to ensure that there is cooperation in international trade (Lincicome 15). It is important for the country, which is the leading economic power, to show faith in rules and regulations that it has previously championed. The Uruguay concessions were formulated under the patronage of the United States and other leading economic powers. Consequently, it becomes hypocritical for the champion of the said laws to be the first to breach them. Although one cannot conclude that the subsidization of automotive industry in Europe was a reaction to the American case, it could still be a possibility. Thus, whether the government of the United States had a credible reason to bailout its automotive manufacturing industry or not, the fact remains that the US government breached international trade laws. Brunetti, Paul. United States Economic Policy: US subsidies in the context of World Trade Organisation. United States Economic Policy 33.5 (2011): 7-24. Print. Chong, Michael D.. Study of the crisis in the automotive sector in Canada report of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. Ottawa, Ont.: Canada Parliament House of Commons, 2009. Print. Lincicome, Scot. Countervailing Calamity How to Stop the Global Subsidies Race.Policy Analysis 11.7 (2012): 1-36. Print. Technological innovation and public policy: the automotive industry. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print. United States Congress, United States Congress. Congressional Oversight Panel September oversight report: the use of TARP funds in the support and reorganization of the domestic automotive industry.. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. :, 2009. Print. Webel, Baird. Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP): Implementation and Status. Congressional Research Service36.5 (2012): 4-33. Print.

Gender and Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender and Language - Essay Example On the other hand, men are believed to talk less, but tend to be dominant in their conversations. They also tend to talk more about businesses than personal lives as opposed to women. Holmes Janet in her article "Women Talk Too Much" and Rafelman Rachel in her article â€Å"The Party Line" make their argument on the different myths and realities about how genders communicate. This paper will analyze the effectiveness of each of these writer’s arguments. Janet Holmes (2008) in her article starts with the myth â€Å"Women talk too much† and starts by showing just how women in the society tend to converse more than men. She argues that the reasons why it is a myth that women talk too much is because the traditional proverbs tend to argue so, many of these were created before feminism age. She sets the record straight be depicting men as the ones who out talk women. Some of the proverbs she uses in her argument to make it effective that these proverbs are the ones that sti ll linger on people’s thoughts making them believe that women talk more than men include â€Å"The tongues of women are like the tails of lamb, they are never still† and â€Å"The North sea will soon be requiring more water than a woman short words’ These proverbs set the pace for her argument she is clearly shows that the opposite is in fact true. She features a Canadian research that attempted to find out who between men and women talk the most. In the study the researchers, Deborah and Janice reviewed sixty-three studies about the amount of talk men and women in America have in different contexts. Of the sixty-two women were found to talk more only in two studies (Holmes, 2008). Holmes also argues that men dominate conversations. She argues that in many conversations men are the ones who start the conversations and tend to control its direction. They therefore, take the women as their subordinates in conversations and often talk more than the women. To argue the case for male dominance in conversations, Holmes (2008) argues uses a New Zealand study that suggest men take the dominative role in conversations. Franken, the researcher in the study compared the time men and women talked in T.V talk show. She established that men took more time than the women. This clearly supports her idea that the notion women talk too much is just a stereotype and not factual because in reality the opposite is true (Holmes, 2008). Rafelman Rachel (1997) in her article â€Å"The Party Line† argues that case for men and women tend to talk about different things. She does not tend to take any side of the divide of who talks more than the other. Her arguments tend to suggest that men and women tend converse more than the other depending on the context. To show this she talks of parties where genders would split so that they can talk about what they like most. While the women discussed personal lives, the men were all about businesses as they drunk. Thi s clearly shows that men will talk more in business and political platforms than they will when it comes to personal matters. The use of the party makes her argument effective and clear to understand. Men also like to talk more about sports than women. Her argument is therefore, convincing that genders talk more when the context of the conversation surrounds their interest and likes (Rafelman, 1997). Rafelman (1997) tend to believe that in

Summaries and critical thoughs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summaries and critical thoughs - Essay Example They insist on the fact that homosexuality and its identity is in between the sexes of both men and women. The pedigree of male homosexuality is comprised of five categories, sodomy, friendship, effeminacy, inversion, and homosexuality. However, according to the study, male homosexuals act as prostitutes, in their roles as women. Studies suggest that many males who practice prostitution refer to themselves as heterosexual and they develop complex policies to neutralize their significant behaviors. The text has been described as taboo breaking that describes homosexuality in the 14th century in London. The author focuses on same-sex intercourse and male transvestism in medieval England. Rykener’s interrogation in the text raises concern on the public understanding of sexuality in a medieval culture. This entails of lack of specific sexualities, and the deployment of the concept of sodomy and homosexuality. The questions are difficult for John Eleanor Rykener to answer although the text explains the argument. Rykener is a transvestite and a prostitute. This is because he had sex with both men and women, although he committed homosexuality for money. The author states that all women who had sex with multiple partners and the commercial partners are described as meretrix in the medieval society. This means that prostitution is linked to feminist. However, in cases that involved men, they were referred as oxymoron. This is a reason that describes the reason why Rykener is not accused of prostitution in the London court. Men who indulge in commercial sex are not described as prostitutes but instead they are termed as sodomists. However, the text explains that if Rykener was not considered a prostitute based on medieval understanding of the concept, he would not be convicted as a sodomite. However, it is important to note that from the arguments of the text, a legal crime of sodomy did note mean that those involved were homosexual. The author states

A Gamma Rays Report Biology Essay

A Gamma Rays Report Biology Essay Have you ever know that Gamma-ray bursts can release more energy in 10 seconds than the Sun will emit the same amount of energy in its entire 10 billion-year lifetime? Have you ever believed that a Gamma-ray is actually the most energetic and most active photon in the electromagnetic spectrum? As a matter of fact, scientists believe that a gamma-ray burst will occur once every few million years in the Milky Way, but has it ever came to your mind that a gamma ray burst is the MOST powerful known explosion in the galaxy?http://www.astrocappella.com/images/GRBposter.jpg Well, Gamma-rays are extremely high frequency waves that have very small wavelengths and carry the largest amount of energy in the entire electromagnetic spectrum. In fact, these waves are produced by radioactive atoms as well as nuclear explosions. Because Gamma-rays pass through almost any material and are very difficult to stop, one may need a large concentration of lead or concrete in order to block them out and reduce their damage. In fact, Gamma-rays also have the ability to cause serious damage when engaged by living cells due to their extremely high energy substance.http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/osradtraining/radiationproperties/rad1.gif How Gamma-Rays are produced? Gamma rays are obviously part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and are photons, or in other words, packets of energy. The term photon itself means visible light particle, however, photons inside gamma rays are called gamma photons. These photons inside the gamma rays have over a million times more energy than visible light. Gamma rays originate or actually come from the nucleus of an atom, and as a result, are produced when an atom is radioactive and contains too much energy in the nucleus (the center of an atom). Also, when the atom is very active it emits a beta particle, which is an extremely high speed electron or proton that is emitted when an atom is radioactive. However, when the atom emits a beta particle it still contains too much energy, so it emits a gamma photon, or in other words, gamma radiation.C:Documents and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy Picturesgamma.gif Properties: Gamma rays are very high energy ionizing radiations that are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma photons have absolutely no mass and no electric charges; they are neutral and have 100% pure electromagnetic energy. In fact, Gamma Radiation is a type of energy that has a very high frequency, and therefore, consists of extremely short wavelengths. Actually, Gamma Rays can travel at the speed of light due to their high energy levels; they can cover thousands of meters before consuming all their energy. Consequently, gamma photons can pass almost any type of material that includes human tissue. For instance, lead is used as a shield to slow down or stop gamma photons. Uses Gamma rays, which are basically electromagnetic radiations discharged by radioactive or atomic decay, are used in many purposes, from killing cancerous cells to measuring soil density. Even though Gamma rays contain some cancer-causing properties, they are somehow used to treat some types of cancer. As a matter of fact, in the procedure called gamma-knife surgery, different beams of gamma rays are actually directed on the growth (the cancerous cells) in order to kill them. Well, first of all, Gamma rays are used for many treatment purposes, mainly for killing tumors, cancer cells and other malignant cells in the human body. In fact, a tracer, which is in other words, a radioactive substance, is put inside the human body, and its path (trace) inside the body is then followed. A special gamma camera uses those rays to build up a picture, and this picture gives the doctor an excellent and complete vision of what he is treating and dealing with. The patient gets a very small dose of the radiation and, therefore, does not suffer greatly. Secondly, Gamma Rays are used in sterilizing medical equipment by actually killing the bacteria. They are also used to kill bacteria, microbes and insects in foodstuffs, mainly meat and vegetables, basically to maintain freshness. Furthermore, gamma rays are used to gauge thickness of metals in steel mills, measure and control flow in liquids in industrial processes, as well as provide very interesting images of the universe. Finally, Gamma rays have also disclosed huge information about the structure of the atomic nucleus, as they actually interact with substance by different separated elementary processes.C:Documents and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy Picturesradiotherapy.jpg Effectshttp://gymjunkies.com/images/vegetables.png As a matter of fact, Gamma radiation is the most penetrative type of energy known; gamma rays can get past even some of the densest and thickest materials, making them both a great benefit as well as a hazard. Because the photons that cover up gamma radiation are so energetic, their effect on human health is indeed extremely deep. Effects of gamma rays are well-known to everybody from treatment of nuclear fallout. In fact, close contact with radioactive materials of a significant size causes damage to skin tissue and deaths are also very likely. Normally, burns occur more or less directly, while nausea, fatigue and vomiting take hours to become visible after the exposure. Unfortunately, the burn is very painful and deep. Hair loss and bleeding may take up to months to start heeling and actually return to normal again. In fact, Gamma rays are generally recognized to be the most physically major grate by which ionization radiation causes cancer as well as heredity disease. http://www.a nimatedsoftware.com/environm/no_nukes/tenw/page568.gif In conclusion, Gamma-rays have the shortest wavelengths, highest frequencies, and, as a result, are the most powerful and energetic form of light in the universe. As mentioned above, it has the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays are used to kill cancerous cells, which actually assures the fact that gamma rays are an advantage to medicine, but, at the same time could be very harmful indeed. Actually, Gamma radiation is the most penetrative type of energy known currently; it can get past even some of the densest substances, making them both a great benefit as well as a hazard.C:Documents and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy PicturesPicture%204_43.png Quotes about Gamma Rays In general, the objects in the universe that are very high-energy objects, or the processes that are high-energy processes, will radiate more in the short wavelength range towards the gamma rays or the x-rays. Claude Nicollier The first stage had been all over before the doctors even knew they were dealing with a new sickness; it was the direct reaction to the bombardment of the body, at the moment when the bomb went off, by neutrons, beta particles, and gamma rays. John Hersey Gamma was a logical progression after doing the Open Fire record. Ronnie Montrose I turned my attention for a while to gamma ray astronomy and soon began the first in a continous series of experiments at the Savannah River site to study the properties of the neutrino. Frederick Reines In this case, the particle formed has correspondingly less energy, whereas the product nucleus passes into the ground state with emission of the quantity of energy saved as gamma radiation. Walther Bothe Our border patrol does a great job under these very dangerous conditions. They use very sophisticated equipment, including gamma rays, to detect drugs and illegal immigrants as they enter the U.S. Timothy Murphy Read more: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/gamma.html#ixzz1EdKeRyfQ Citation Website Mark. Gamma Rays | Radiation Protection | US EPA.  US Environmental Protection Agency. Us Government, 1 Oct. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. . Thompson, Martin J. What Is a Gamma Ray?  WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. IND, INC, May-June 2028. Web. 10 Feb. 2011. . Moss, Jennifer M. The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Gamma Rays.  Andy Darvills Science Site: Home. Google, Jan. 2006. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. . Liam S. Gamma Ray Quotes Science Quotes Dictionary of Science Quotations and Scientist Quotes.  Today In Science History. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. . Book Schonfelder, Volker. 5.  The Universe in Gamma Rays. Berlin [u.a.: Springer, 2001. Print.

A Critique of the research article

This report is a summary of findings of the research conducted by Military Family Research Institute and the DOD Quality of Life Office about the issue of adaptation amongst adolescents in military families when a parent is deployed.The aim of research was to find new ways of dealing with the problems adolescents faced because of parent’s deployment – basically, it was done to investigate and probe their feelings about the issue, so that military and civilian program professionals could be more intentional and directed regarding developing support programs for young people (Angela & Jay, 2005, p.12).Parental deployment can have several negative outcomes for adolescents. These include depression or negative behavioral adjustment, poor academic performance, and increased irritability and impulsiveness (cited in Angela & Jay, 2005).The report provided by the authors is detailed and descriptive in nature. It offers a helpful set of conclusions which can be used by professio nals, family members, the parent at home, and society in general, to make them understand the impact of deployment of a parent from a child’s perspective. To emphasize the importance of this research, the authors Angela J. Huebner and Jay A. Mancini, wrote the following:Because there are just a few systematic studies of adolescents in military families, the present study marks what we hope will be the beginning of an important line of inquiry. The findings presented in this report should confirm observations made by professionals who work with military adolescents and provide a context for exploring new ways to support adolescents who have a deployed parent.MethodsAdolescents between the age group of 12-18 years were chosen from camps sponsored by National Military Family Association. This was done to simplify the process of locating and choosing children with a deployed parent. NMFA camps in Washington, Hawaii, Texas, and Georgia were the ones which participated in this stud y. The methods used during the research were, first, evaluated and approved by the Institutional Review Board at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.In all, there were 107 adolescents ranging from 12-18 years of age. These participants were then divided into 14 focus groups comprising of 8-10 participants each. The questions asked during the 90 min sessions were focused on determining adolescents’ experience with the deployment. The answers which they got were audio-taped and transcribed.It is important to know some key questions which were asked to the participants. Also given below is one answer picked randomly.1. What is the worst thing about having a parent deployed? â€Å"The worst time is when the phone rings because you don’t know who is calling. They could be calling, telling you that he got shot or something.†2. Do you see changes in your at-home parent when the other is deployed? â€Å"I’m like always worried about my mom and st uff because, again, she’s always dashing everywhere †¦she’s always so freaking worn out.†3. What is it like when that parent returns? â€Å"Well when my dad left, everything’s going one way when he come back, and he’s starting off right where he left so†¦There’s just a big clash and that starts a lot of problems†¦Like he forgets that he’s been gone for like a year or six months. So he still thinks we’re a lot younger and while he was gone we matured a lot over the year. And he’s still trying to treat us the way we were treated a year ago.†Support to adolescents can come from formal or informal sources. The questions asked in this regards was to determine the real effects both such approaches could have individually.4. Who do you go to when you are stressed?For informal support:â€Å"At first when my dad first got deployed, there was a lot of support as in like people calling, people giving us, you k now, food and stuff. But then as time went one, it just kind of died down and nobody really cared that he was deployed.†

Atomic Bomb vs. Invasion

On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9. The unconditional surrender of Japan was announced on August 10. The atomic bomb ended the war swiftly and quickly, and resulted in no Allied casualties. Others supported Operation Downfall, an invasion of Japan. However, this may not have resulted in an unconditional surrender. U. S. President Truman was advised that 250,000 to one million U. S. soldiers could have died in Operation Downfall, the planned invasion of mainland Japan. In a study done by the Joint Chiefs of Staff in April 1945, the figures of 7. 45 casualties per 1,000 man-days and 1. 78 fatalities per 1,000 man-days were developed. This implied that the two planned campaigns to conquer Japan would cost 1. 6 million U. S. casualties, including 380,000 dead. On August 1, 1944, the Japanese War Ministry ordered the execution of all Allied war prisoners if an invasion of Japan happened. This means that over 100,000 allied soldiers that would have been executed. Some may argue that innocent Japanese civilians and military soldiers lost their lives to the bomb. The Japanese were dangerous and were raised to fight, starting from a young age. An Air Force Association history of the 21st century says, â€Å"Millions of women, old men, and boys and girls had been trained to resist by such means as attacking with bamboo spears and strapping explosives to their bodies and throwing themselves under advancing tanks. † The AFA noted that, â€Å"The Japanese cabinet had approved a measure extending the draft to include men from ages fifteen to sixty and women from seventeen to forty-five. As a result of the increase in draft range, 28 million more people were drafted. The result of the atomic bombs was the unconditional surrender of Japan. If an invasion took place, the surrender may not have been unconditional. According to historian Richard B. Frank, â€Å"The intercepts of Japanese Imperial Army and Navy messages disclosed without exception that Japan's armed forces were determined to fight a final Armageddon battle in the homeland agains t an Allied invasion. The Japanese called this strategy Ketsu Go. It was founded on the premise that American morale was brittle and could be shattered by heavy losses in the initial invasion. American politicians would then gladly negotiate an end to the war far more generous than unconditional surrender. † The U. S. Department of Energy's history of the Manhattan Project agrees, saying that military leaders in Japan, â€Å"†¦. also hoped that if they could hold out until the ground invasion of Japan began, they would be able to inflict so many casualties on the Allies that Japan still might win some sort of negotiated settlement. The Japanese most likely would have been able to inflict enough casualties so that they would be able to negotiate. The Japanese followed the code of bushido, which is why the resistance is so strong in the Japanese military. According to one Air Force account, â€Å"The Japanese code of bushido—†the way of the warrior†Ã¢â‚¬â€was deeply ingrained. The concept of Yamato-damashii equipped e ach soldier with a strict code: never be captured, never break down, and never surrender. Surrender was dishonorable. Each soldier was trained to fight to the death and was expected to die before suffering dishonor. Defeated Japanese leaders preferred to take their own lives in the painful samurai ritual of seppuku. Warriors who surrendered were not deemed worthy of regard or respect. † Operation Downfall would have taken more lives, compared to the atomic bombings. The atomic bomb quickly ended the war and was necessary. It eliminated the threat of the Japanese empire. It also eliminated many dangerous Japanese soldiers and civilians. President Truman made the right choice in authorizing the atomic bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

Economic Globalization And Its Impact On The World

Economic globalization is one of the most powerful forces to have shaped the postwar world. (Frieden, Lake and Broz 63) Free trade is the hallmark of a globalized system; reduced costs in transport and the elimination of trade barriers have led to a surge of international trade between developed countries and lesser-developed countries. The benefits of free trade extend internationally. Free trade promotes economic development in lesser-developed countries and increases imports to developed nations. But does this system of global trade benefit only manufactures and businesses or does it open up the market to everyone by creating new global business opportunities for the developing world. Free trade occurs when there are no artificial blockades put in place by governments to restrict the flow of goods and services between trading countries. When trade barriers, such as tariffs and subsidies are put in place, they protect domestic producers from international competition and redirect, rather than create trade flows. (Edge, n.d.) The problem with trade barriers and protectionism in general are the fact that the current world monetary system encourages financial market integration. The delegates who met at Bretton Woods in 1944 had a design for the world monetary system that explicitly did not accord financial markets the presumption that was accorded trade in goods, the presumption was that international integration was good and that barriers should be liberalized as rapidlyShow MoreRelatedEconomic Impact Of Economic Globalization On World Economies2808 Words   |  12 PagesEconomic Globalization Economic globalization can be defined as the increase in economic assimilation and cooperation between countries, regions and small economies around the world through the increased movement of goods and services across borders. 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